In the introductory part of this paper, I argue that prostitution, a professional identity or role of female who earn her livelihood through the sale of sexual relations is one of the understudied legacies of colonial rule in Nigeria. To establish the authenticity of my argument, I took a snapshot at how several socio-cultural and economic changes brought about by the colonial period paved the way for the emergence and entrenchment of prostitution in Nigeria Also, prostitution in the context of this paper is treated not as exploitation or degradation of female, but as a relationship between women and men; a makeshift arrangement of male migrants and the long-term rural/urban social and economic relations. Public opinion towards the abolition/regulation of activities of prostitutes was exemplified in the general perception that prostitutes were responsible for the spread of venereal diseases in the country. This study therefore identify some anti prostitution laws and its enforcement on one hand and the veracity of the widespread belief that the repatriation of prostitutes from one part of the country to another was the main catalyst for the spread of venereal diseases on the other hand. Mobility of prostitutes is therefore a very important part of this study. Appraisal of some colonial government efforts at reducing the incidence of venereal diseases is also considered. It is in the light of this that significant aspect of government responses, which include the enactment of “Venereal Diseases Ordinance” of 1943 and the establishment of venereal diseases hospitals in some part of the country are considered.