|
| Only |
YI - 7言; II - ２言, IJ - 2-6
|
| 〜だけ (particle) |
Yookoso I p. 437
|
| |
only, just, alone, merely
|
Neutral statement
Replaceが、は、を with だけ；add だけ before or after other
particles
|
日本語だけ勉強しました。
昨日は学校へだけ行きました。
|
I studied only Japanese.
I went to only school. |
| 〜ばかり (particle) |
Yookoso II p. 113 |
|
one thing; nothing (little else) but one thing |
Sometimes it expresses unfairness or bias.
Emphasizes the positive proposition of a noun/pronoun.
Replaceが、は、を with ばかり；add ばかり before or after other particles
|
日本語ばかり勉強しました。
私はすしばかり食べました。
|
I studied only Japanese and
nothing else.
I ate only Sushi and nothing
else (although there were many other things to eat). |
| 〜しか (particle) 〜ない |
Yookoso I p. 437 |
|
only, nothing but Noun/pronoun |
Emphasizes the negative proposition of non-Noun/pronoun
Replaceが、は、を with しか；add しか after other particles
|
日本語しか勉強しませんでした。
私は毎日すししか食べません。
|
I studied nothing but Japanese
and this was not sufficient.
I eat nothing but Sushi everyday. |
|
