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| Passive〔受け身：うけみ） |
YII - G32
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Verb conjugation -- Passive forms of verbs
| Direct Passive |
N1 was V-ed by N2 |
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に (by)
に よって((by means of)
から (from) |
+ passive form of verb |
たろうはいぬを買った。 [active sentence]
いぬは たろうに買われた。[direct passive]
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- Direct passive sentences don't have D.O.
- Direct passive sentences can be formed only with transtive verbs
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| Indirect/suffering/adversative
Passive |
Something happened and the subject suffers
or doesn't like it. |
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に (by)
から (from) |
+ passive form of verb |
兄はケーキを食べた。[ transitve verb]
-->
私は兄に
ケーキを食べられた。[indirect
passive] My brother ate (my) cake, and I am upset.
雨がふっています。[intransitive verb]-->
私は雨にふられました。[indirect
passive] It rained, and I didn't like it.
私のいぬが死んだ。-->私のいぬに死なれた。[indirect passive]
My dog died, and I am suffering from it.
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- Indirect passive sentences can have D.O.
- Indirect passive sentences can be formed with transitive verb and intransitive
verb.
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 Example:
movie " Ruble's Horrible, Terrible, No Good, Very Bad Day" |
| Active sentence, direct passive
sentence, and indirect passive sentence |
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トムはねずみをとった。
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ピッチがねずみを食べた。Pitch ate a mouse.
[active sentence]
ねずみはピッチに食べられた。The mouse was eaten by Pitch.
[direct passive]
トムはピッチにねずみを食べられた。Pitch ate a mouse, and Tom is upset.
[indirect/suffering passive]
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