This table is designed to show positive inducements and negative sanctions that a state can use against other states to impose its will on them. Positive inducements for Trade include favorable tariffs, most-favored-nation (MFN) rights, tariff reduction, direct purchase, subsidies to exports/imports, and granting of export/import licenses. Positive inducements for Capital include provision of aid, investment guarantees, encouragement of private capital, and favorable tax measures. Negative sanctions against Trade include embargo, boycott, tariff discrimination, withdrawal of MFN rights, blacklist, quotas, license denial, dumping, and preclusive buying. Negative sanctions against Capital include freezing assets, import and export controls, suspension of aid, expropriation, unfavorable taxation, and withholding of dues to international economic agencies (such as the IMF).

back